Breast self-examination (BSE) is a simple, cost-free method that can help women become familiar with their breasts, potentially aiding in the early detection of abnormalities such as lumps, changes in shape, etc. Here is a step-by-step guide to performing a breast self-examination.
1. Choose the Right Time
The best time to perform a BSE is a few days after your menstrual period ends, when your breasts are least likely to be swollen or tender. If you no longer have periods, choose a consistent day each month to conduct your self-exam.
2. Visual Inspection in Front of a Mirror
Stand undressed from the waist up in front of a large mirror in a well-lit room. Look for any visible changes in the contour, swelling, dimpling of the skin, or changes in the nipples. Follow these steps:
- With your arms at your sides, look for any visible changes.
- Raise your arms high overhead and look for the same changes.
- Place your hands on your hips and press firmly to flex your chest muscles. The left and right breasts won’t exactly match, but look for any dimpling, puckering, or changes, particularly on one side.
3. Manual Examination While Lying Down
- Place a pillow under your right shoulder and your right arm behind your head.
- Use the pads of the three middle fingers on your left hand to examine the right breast. Move your fingers in small circular motions covering the entire breast area and armpit, using light, medium, and firm pressure.
- Follow a pattern to ensure you cover the whole breast. You can move your fingers up and down vertically, in circular motions from the nipple outward, or in a wedge pattern from the outer breast toward the nipple.
- Repeat these steps for the left breast, using your right hand.
4. Manual Examination While Standing or Sitting
Some women find it easier to feel abnormalities when their skin is wet and slippery. Thus, performing this part of the examination in the shower can be helpful.
- Raise your right arm.
- With flat fingers, use your left hand to explore your right breast.
- Follow the same pattern you used while lying down: circular motions, vertical lines, or wedges.
- Repeat the process on the left breast.
5. Know What to Look For
Understanding what is normal for your breasts will help you notice any unusual changes. Look for:
- Lumps or thickening in the breast or underarm area.
- Changes in the size, shape, or appearance of the breast.
- Dimpling, puckering, or bulging of the skin.
- A nipple that has changed position or an inverted nipple.
- Redness, soreness, rash, or swelling.
- Nipple discharge (other than breast milk).
6. Follow Up
If you notice any changes or abnormalities, don't panic. Many breast changes are benign (non-cancerous). However, it is crucial to report them to your doctor promptly. They may recommend further testing, such as a mammogram or ultrasound, to rule out breast cancer and reach a diagnosis.
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